| Iran |
Turkey |
| Basic Facts |
| Official name |
Islamic Republic of Iran |
Republic of Turkey |
Official name |
| Capital |
Tehrān |
Ankara |
Capital |
| Area |
1,648,000 sq km |
779,452 sq km |
Area |
| |
636,300 sq mi |
300,948 sq mi |
|
| People |
| Population |
65,875,223 (2008 estimate) |
71,892,807 (2008 estimate) |
Population |
| Population growth |
|
|
Population growth |
| Population growth rate |
0.79 percent (2008 estimate) |
1.01 percent (2008 estimate) |
Population growth rate |
| Projected population in 2025 |
76,779,032 (2025 estimate) |
82,204,623 (2025 estimate) |
Projected population in 2025 |
| Projected population in 2050 |
81,490,039 (2050 estimate) |
86,473,786 (2050 estimate) |
Projected population in 2050 |
| |
|
|
|
| Population density |
40 persons per sq km (2008 estimate) |
93 persons per sq km (2008 estimate) |
Population density |
| |
104 persons per sq mi (2008 estimate) |
242 persons per sq mi (2008 estimate) |
|
| |
|
|
|
| Urban/rural distribution |
|
|
Urban/rural distribution |
| Share urban |
68 percent (2005 estimate) |
67 percent (2005 estimate) |
Share urban |
| Share rural |
32 percent (2005 estimate) |
33 percent (2005 estimate) |
Share rural |
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|
|
|
| Largest cities, with population |
|
|
Largest cities, with population |
| Tehrān |
6,758,845 (2006) |
11,174,257 (2007 estimate) |
İstanbul |
| Mashhad |
2,926,000 (2007 estimate) |
3,428,000 (2003 estimate) |
Ankara |
| Eşfahān |
1,001,000 (2007 estimate) |
2,409,000 (2000) |
İzmir |
| Shīrāz |
1,263,244 (2006) |
459,877 (2007 estimate) |
Bursa |
| Karaj |
941,000 (2007 estimate) |
395,388 (2007 estimate) |
Adana |
| |
|
|
|
| Ethnic groups |
|
|
Ethnic groups |
| Persian |
60 percent |
80 percent |
Turkish |
| Azerbaijani and other Turkic |
25 percent |
17 percent |
Kurdish |
| Kurdish |
7 percent |
3 percent |
Other |
| Lur |
2 percent |
|
|
| Baluch, Turkmen, and other |
6 percent |
|
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| |
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|
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| Languages |
|
|
Languages |
| Persian (Farsi) and Persian dialects |
58 percent |
|
Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic |
| Turkic and Turkic dialects |
26 percent |
|
|
| Kurdish |
9 percent |
|
|
| Luri, Baluchi, Arabic, Turkmen, and other |
7 percent |
|
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|
|
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| Religious affiliations |
|
|
Religious affiliations |
| Shiite Muslim |
93 percent |
99 percent |
Muslim (mostly Sunni Muslim) |
| Sunni Muslim |
6 percent |
1 percent |
Nonreligious and others |
| Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha’i |
1 percent |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| Health and Education |
| Life expectancy |
|
|
Life expectancy |
| Total |
70.9 years (2008 estimate) |
73.1 years (2008 estimate) |
Total |
| Female |
72.4 years (2008 estimate) |
75.7 years (2008 estimate) |
Female |
| Male |
69.4 years (2008 estimate) |
70.7 years (2008 estimate) |
Male |
| |
|
|
|
| Infant mortality rate |
37 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) |
37 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) |
Infant mortality rate |
| |
|
|
|
| Population per physician |
2,223 people (2004) |
641 people (2006) |
Population per physician |
| |
|
|
|
| Population per hospital bed |
625 people (2001) |
385 people (2005) |
Population per hospital bed |
| |
|
|
|
| Literacy rate |
|
|
Literacy rate |
| Total |
81.3 percent (2005 estimate) |
87.6 percent (2005 estimate) |
Total |
| Female |
75.2 percent (2005 estimate) |
80.1 percent (2005 estimate) |
Female |
| Male |
87.2 percent (2005 estimate) |
94.9 percent (2005 estimate) |
Male |
| |
|
|
|
| Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) |
4.9 percent (2002-2003) |
3.6 percent (2002-2003) |
Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) |
| |
|
|
|
| Number of years of compulsory schooling |
5 years (2002-2003) |
9 years (2002-2003) |
Number of years of compulsory schooling |
| |
|
|
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| Number of students per teacher, primary school |
24 students per teacher (2002-2003) |
28 students per teacher (1997) |
Number of students per teacher, primary school |
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|
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| Government |
| Form of government |
Islamic republic |
Presidential republic |
Form of government |
| |
|
|
|
| Head of state |
Wali Faqih (supreme religious leader) |
President |
Head of state |
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|
|
|
| Head of government |
President |
Prime minister |
Head of government |
| Legislature |
Unicameral legislature |
Unicameral legislature |
Legislature |
| |
Majlis (Islamic Consultative Assembly): 290 members |
National Assembly: 550 deputies |
|
| |
|
|
|
| Voting qualifications |
Universal at age 15 |
Universal at age 18 |
Voting qualifications |
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|
|
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| Constitution |
2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the presidency and to eliminate the prime ministry |
|
Constitution |
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|
|
7 November 1982; amended 1987, 1995, 2003, 2004 |
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|
|
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| Highest court |
Supreme Court |
Constitutional Court, Court of Cassation |
Highest court |
| Armed forces |
Army, Navy, Air Force, Revolutionary Guard Corps |
Army, Navy, Air Force |
Armed forces |
| Total number of military personnel |
420,000 (2004) |
514,850 (2004) |
Total number of military personnel |
| Military expenditures as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) |
2.4 percent (2003) |
4.9 percent (2003) |
Military expenditures as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) |
| |
|
|
|
| First-level political divisions |
30 provinces |
80 provinces |
First-level political divisions |
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|
|
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| Economy |
| Gross domestic product (GDP, in U.S.$) |
$217.9 billion (2006) |
$403 billion (2006) |
Gross domestic product (GDP, in U.S.$) |
| |
|
|
|
| GDP per capita (U.S.$) |
$3,108.50 (2006) |
$5,518.50 (2006) |
GDP per capita (U.S.$) |
| |
|
|
|
| GDP by economic sector |
|
|
GDP by economic sector |
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing |
10.4 percent (2006) |
9.7 percent (2006) |
Agriculture, forestry, fishing |
| Industry |
44.6 percent (2006) |
26.8 percent (2006) |
Industry |
| Services |
45 percent (2006) |
63.5 percent (2006) |
Services |
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|
|
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| Employment |
|
|
Employment |
| Number of workers |
29,064,702 (2006) |
27,378,191 (2006) |
Number of workers |
| |
|
|
|
| Workforce share of economic sector |
|
|
Workforce share of economic sector |
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing |
25 percent (2005) |
30 percent (2005) |
Agriculture, forestry, fishing |
| Industry |
30 percent (2005) |
25 percent (2005) |
Industry |
| Services |
45 percent (2005) |
46 percent (2005) |
Services |
| Unemployment rate |
11.6 percent (2003) |
10.3 percent (2005) |
Unemployment rate |
| |
|
|
|
| National budget (U.S.$) |
|
|
National budget (U.S.$) |
| Total revenue |
$78,852 million (2006) |
$132,712 million (2006) |
Total revenue |
| Total expenditure |
$54,018 million (2006) |
$117,603 million (2006) |
Total expenditure |
| |
|
|
|
| Monetary unit |
|
|
Monetary unit |
| |
1 Iranian rial (IR), consisting of 100 dinars |
|
1 New Turkish lira (YTL), consisting of 100 new kurus |
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| Agriculture |
|
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Agriculture |
| Wheat, barley, potatoes, rice, grapes, fresh and dried fruit, sugar beets, sugarcane, vegetables, pulses, maize, tea, tobacco, oilseeds, pistachio nuts, mutton and poultry |
|
|
Cotton, tobacco, wheat, fruit, nuts, barley, sunflower and other oilseeds, maize, sugar beets, potatoes, tea, olives, livestock |
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| Mining |
|
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Mining |
| Petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, manganese |
|
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Chromium, boron, copper, petroleum, natural gas, lignite, bauxite, iron ore, manganese, antimony, lead, zinc, sulfur |
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| Manufacturing |
|
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Manufacturing |
| Textiles, food products, construction material, nonelectrical machinery, iron and steel, petrochemicals |
|
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Textiles, food products, refined petroleum, iron and steel, industrial chemicals |
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|
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| Major exports |
|
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Major exports |
| Crude petroleum and petroleum products, carpets, fruits, nuts, animal hides |
|
|
Textiles, iron and steel, dried fruits, leather garments, tobacco, petroleum products |
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| Major imports |
|
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Major imports |
| Machinery, iron and steel, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, refined petroleum products |
|
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Machinery, crude petroleum, transportation vehicles, iron and steel, chemical products |
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| Major trade partners for exports |
|
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Major trade partners for exports |
| Japan, China, Italy, South Korea, and Greece |
|
|
Germany, United States, Italy, United Kingdom, and France |
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| Major trade partners for imports |
|
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Major trade partners for imports |
| Germany, United Arab Emirates, Italy, Russia, and France |
|
|
Germany, Italy, Russia, United States, and France |
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| Energy, Communications, and Transportation |
| Electricity production |
|
|
Electricity production |
| Electricity from thermal sources |
92.97 percent (2003 estimate) |
73.68 percent (2003 estimate) |
Electricity from thermal sources |
| Electricity from hydroelectric sources |
7.03 percent (2003 estimate) |
26.17 percent (2003 estimate) |
Electricity from hydroelectric sources |
| Electricity from nuclear sources |
0 percent (2003 estimate) |
0 percent (2003 estimate) |
Electricity from nuclear sources |
| Electricity from geothermal, solar, and wind sources |
0 percent (2003 estimate) |
0.16 percent (2003 estimate) |
Electricity from geothermal, solar, and wind sources |
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|
|
|
| Number of radios per 1,000 people |
252 (1998 estimate) |
562 (2000 estimate) |
Number of radios per 1,000 people |
| |
|
|
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| Number of telephones per 1,000 people |
278 (2005) |
263 (2005) |
Number of telephones per 1,000 people |
| |
|
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| Number of televisions per 1,000 people |
158 (2000 estimate) |
443 (2000 estimate) |
Number of televisions per 1,000 people |
| |
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| Number of Internet hosts per 10,000 people |
0.76 (2003) |
53 (2003) |
Number of Internet hosts per 10,000 people |
| |
|
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| Daily newspaper circulation per 1,000 people |
24 (1996) |
111 (1996) |
Daily newspaper circulation per 1,000 people |
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| Number of motor vehicles per 1,000 people |
41 (1997) |
108 (2004) |
Number of motor vehicles per 1,000 people |
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|
|
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| Paved road as a share of total roads |
67 percent (2003) |
42 percent (2002) |
Paved road as a share of total roads |
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| Sources |
| Basic Facts and People sections |
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Basic Facts and People sections |
| Area data are from the statistical bureaus of individual countries. Population, population growth rate, and population projections are from the United States Census Bureau, International Programs Center, International Data Base (IDB) (www.census.gov). Urban and rural population data are from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), FAOSTAT database (www.fao.org). Largest cities population data and political divisions data are from the statistical bureaus of individual countries. Ethnic divisions and religion data are largely from the latest Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook and from various country censuses and reports. Language data are largely from the Ethnologue, Languages of the World, Summer Institute of Linguistics International (www.sil.org). |
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Area data are from the statistical bureaus of individual countries. Population, population growth rate, and population projections are from the United States Census Bureau, International Programs Center, International Data Base (IDB) (www.census.gov). Urban and rural population data are from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), FAOSTAT database (www.fao.org). Largest cities population data and political divisions data are from the statistical bureaus of individual countries. Ethnic divisions and religion data are largely from the latest Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook and from various country censuses and reports. Language data are largely from the Ethnologue, Languages of the World, Summer Institute of Linguistics International (www.sil.org). |
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| Health and Education section |
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Health and Education section |
| Life expectancy and infant mortality data are from the United States Census Bureau, International Programs Center, International database (IDB) (www.census.gov). Population per physician and population per hospital bed data are from the World Health Organization (WHO) (www.who.int). Education data are from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org). |
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Life expectancy and infant mortality data are from the United States Census Bureau, International Programs Center, International database (IDB) (www.census.gov). Population per physician and population per hospital bed data are from the World Health Organization (WHO) (www.who.int). Education data are from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org). |
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| Government section |
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Government section |
| Government, independence, legislature, constitution, highest court, and voting qualifications data are largely from various government Web sites, the latest Europa World Yearbook, and the latest Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook. The armed forces data is from Military Balance. |
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Government, independence, legislature, constitution, highest court, and voting qualifications data are largely from various government Web sites, the latest Europa World Yearbook, and the latest Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook. The armed forces data is from Military Balance. |
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| Economy section |
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Economy section |
| Gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, GDP by economic sectors, employment, and national budget data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org). Monetary unit, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, exports, imports, and major trade partner information is from the statistical bureaus of individual countries, latest Europa World Yearbook, and various United Nations and International Monetary Fund (IMF) publications. |
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Gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, GDP by economic sectors, employment, and national budget data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org). Monetary unit, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, exports, imports, and major trade partner information is from the statistical bureaus of individual countries, latest Europa World Yearbook, and various United Nations and International Monetary Fund (IMF) publications. |
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| Energy, Communication, and Transportation section |
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Energy, Communication, and Transportation section |
| Electricity information is from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) database (www.eia.doe.gov). Radio, telephone, television, and newspaper information is from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org). Internet hosts, motor vehicles, and road data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org). |
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Electricity information is from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) database (www.eia.doe.gov). Radio, telephone, television, and newspaper information is from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org). Internet hosts, motor vehicles, and road data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org). |
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| Note |
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Note |
| Figures may not total 100 percent due to rounding. |
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Figures may not total 100 percent due to rounding. |
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| Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. |
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